ArcheoDatationV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 000015

CONSTRUCTION OF THE KHOJA ZAYNUDDIN MOSQUE: USE OF ANIMAL GLUE MODIFIED WITH URINE

Identifieur interne : 000015 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000014; suivant : 000016

CONSTRUCTION OF THE KHOJA ZAYNUDDIN MOSQUE: USE OF ANIMAL GLUE MODIFIED WITH URINE

Auteurs : P. Chamberlain [Royaume-Uni] ; R. Drewello [Allemagne] ; L. Korn [Allemagne] ; W. Bauer [Allemagne] ; T. Gough [Royaume-Uni] ; A. Al-Fouzan [Royaume-Uni] ; M. Collins [Royaume-Uni] ; N. Van Doorn [Royaume-Uni] ; O. Craig [Royaume-Uni] ; C. Heron [Royaume-Uni]

Source :

Archaeometry [ 0003-813X ] ; 2011.

RBID : Francis:12-0050687

Descripteurs français

Pascal (Inist)
- Bâtiment, Mosquée, Composition, Matière organique, Patrimoine, Site, Analyse, Technique, Collagène, Lipide, Chimie, Technique de fabrication, Méthode, Décor architectural, Stuc, Spectrométrie de masse, Colle animale, Boukhara, Matériaux de construction, Marqueur, Protéine, Urée, Urine, Viscosité, Muqarnas, MALDI-TOF, Chromatographie en phase liquide, Chromatographie en phase gazeuse.
Wicri :
- topic : Bâtiment, Chimie.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Analysis, Architectural Decoration, Building, Chemistry, Collagen, Composition, Gas chromatography, Heritage, Lipid, Manufacturing techniques, Mass spectrometry, Method, Mosque, Organic material, Site, Stucco, Technique.

Abstract

As part of an ongoing project at the World Heritage Site of Bukhara, we investigated the glue used in the construction of the Khoja Zaynuddin mosque. Analysis by a range of techniques confirmed that it consisted of a collagen-based glue. However, the glue contained many non-protein constituents. The presence of lipid material suggests that the glue was produced by a relatively unsophisticated process. More surprisingly, various marker compounds of urine were found. Study of the viscosity of a mixture of a modern collagen-based glue and urea showed that the presence of urea at a concentration typical of human urine reduced the viscosity of the glue, thus improving its spreading characteristics and enabling its use at a lower temperature. Whilst the advantages of adding urea to glue were known to craftsmen in Europe and America in the 19th century, it would appear that the builders of Bukhara were aware of the technique, using less pure components, at a significantly earlier date.

Affiliations:

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

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Le document en format XML

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<term>Architectural Decoration</term>
<term>Building</term>
<term>Chemistry</term>
<term>Collagen</term>
<term>Composition</term>
<term>Gas chromatography</term>
<term>Heritage</term>
<term>Lipid</term>
<term>Manufacturing techniques</term>
<term>Mass spectrometry</term>
<term>Method</term>
<term>Mosque</term>
<term>Organic material</term>
<term>Site</term>
<term>Stucco</term>
<term>Technique</term>
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<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Bâtiment</term>
<term>Mosquée</term>
<term>Composition</term>
<term>Matière organique</term>
<term>Patrimoine</term>
<term>Site</term>
<term>Analyse</term>
<term>Technique</term>
<term>Collagène</term>
<term>Lipide</term>
<term>Chimie</term>
<term>Technique de fabrication</term>
<term>Méthode</term>
<term>Décor architectural</term>
<term>Stuc</term>
<term>Spectrométrie de masse</term>
<term>Colle animale</term>
<term>Boukhara</term>
<term>Matériaux de construction</term>
<term>Marqueur</term>
<term>Protéine</term>
<term>Urée</term>
<term>Urine</term>
<term>Viscosité</term>
<term>Muqarnas</term>
<term>MALDI-TOF</term>
<term>Chromatographie en phase liquide</term>
<term>Chromatographie en phase gazeuse</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">As part of an ongoing project at the World Heritage Site of Bukhara, we investigated the glue used in the construction of the Khoja Zaynuddin mosque. Analysis by a range of techniques confirmed that it consisted of a collagen-based glue. However, the glue contained many non-protein constituents. The presence of lipid material suggests that the glue was produced by a relatively unsophisticated process. More surprisingly, various marker compounds of urine were found. Study of the viscosity of a mixture of a modern collagen-based glue and urea showed that the presence of urea at a concentration typical of human urine reduced the viscosity of the glue, thus improving its spreading characteristics and enabling its use at a lower temperature. Whilst the advantages of adding urea to glue were known to craftsmen in Europe and America in the 19th century, it would appear that the builders of Bukhara were aware of the technique, using less pure components, at a significantly earlier date.</div>
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<s1>III</s1>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="03" i2="A"><s0>526</s0>
</fC02>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="A" l="FRE"><s0>Bâtiment</s0>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="A" l="ENG"><s0>Building</s0>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="A" l="FRE"><s0>Mosquée</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="A" l="ENG"><s0>Mosque</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="H" l="FRE"><s0>Composition</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="H" l="ENG"><s0>Composition</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="H" l="FRE"><s0>Matière organique</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="H" l="ENG"><s0>Organic material</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="A" l="FRE"><s0>Patrimoine</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="A" l="ENG"><s0>Heritage</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="H" l="FRE"><s0>Site</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="H" l="ENG"><s0>Site</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="A" l="FRE"><s0>Analyse</s0>
<s2>NI</s2>
<s2>FM</s2>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="A" l="ENG"><s0>Analysis</s0>
<s2>NI</s2>
<s2>FM</s2>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="A" l="FRE"><s0>Technique</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="A" l="ENG"><s0>Technique</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="H" l="FRE"><s0>Collagène</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="H" l="ENG"><s0>Collagen</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="H" l="FRE"><s0>Lipide</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="H" l="ENG"><s0>Lipid</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="A" l="FRE"><s0>Chimie</s0>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="A" l="ENG"><s0>Chemistry</s0>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="H" l="FRE"><s0>Technique de fabrication</s0>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="H" l="ENG"><s0>Manufacturing techniques</s0>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="H" l="FRE"><s0>Méthode</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="H" l="ENG"><s0>Method</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="A" l="FRE"><s0>Décor architectural</s0>
<s2>563</s2>
<s5>14</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="A" l="ENG"><s0>Architectural Decoration</s0>
<s2>563</s2>
<s5>14</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="A" l="FRE"><s0>Stuc</s0>
<s5>15</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="A" l="ENG"><s0>Stucco</s0>
<s5>15</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="16" i2="H" l="FRE"><s0>Spectrométrie de masse</s0>
<s5>16</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="16" i2="H" l="ENG"><s0>Mass spectrometry</s0>
<s5>16</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="A" l="FRE"><s0>Colle animale</s0>
<s4>INC</s4>
<s5>36</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="18" i2="A" l="FRE"><s0>Boukhara</s0>
<s4>INC</s4>
<s5>37</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="19" i2="A" l="FRE"><s0>Matériaux de construction</s0>
<s4>INC</s4>
<s5>38</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="20" i2="A" l="FRE"><s0>Marqueur</s0>
<s4>INC</s4>
<s5>39</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="21" i2="A" l="FRE"><s0>Protéine</s0>
<s4>INC</s4>
<s5>40</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="22" i2="A" l="FRE"><s0>Urée</s0>
<s4>INC</s4>
<s5>41</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="23" i2="A" l="FRE"><s0>Urine</s0>
<s4>INC</s4>
<s5>42</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="24" i2="A" l="FRE"><s0>Viscosité</s0>
<s4>INC</s4>
<s5>43</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="25" i2="A" l="FRE"><s0>Muqarnas</s0>
<s4>INC</s4>
<s5>44</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="26" i2="A" l="FRE"><s0>MALDI-TOF</s0>
<s4>INC</s4>
<s5>45</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="27" i2="A" l="FRE"><s0>Chromatographie en phase liquide</s0>
<s4>INC</s4>
<s5>46</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="28" i2="A" l="FRE"><s0>Chromatographie en phase gazeuse</s0>
<s4>CD</s4>
<s5>96</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="28" i2="A" l="ENG"><s0>Gas chromatography</s0>
<s4>CD</s4>
<s5>96</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="28" i2="A" l="SPA"><s0>Cromatografía de gases</s0>
<s4>CD</s4>
<s5>96</s5>
</fC03>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="A" l="FRE"><s0>Islam</s0>
<s5>31</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="A" l="ENG"><s0>Islam</s0>
<s5>31</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="A" l="FRE"><s0>Ouzbékistan</s0>
<s2>564</s2>
<s5>32</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="A" l="ENG"><s0>Uzbekistan</s0>
<s2>564</s2>
<s5>32</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="A" l="FRE"><s0>Asie</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="A" l="ENG"><s0>Asia</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fN21><s1>030</s1>
</fN21>
</pA>
</standard>
</inist>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
</country>
<region><li>Bavière</li>
<li>District de Moyenne-Franconie</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Erlangen</li>
</settlement>
</list>
<tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Chamberlain, P" sort="Chamberlain, P" uniqKey="Chamberlain P" first="P." last="Chamberlain">P. Chamberlain</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Al Fouzan, A" sort="Al Fouzan, A" uniqKey="Al Fouzan A" first="A." last="Al-Fouzan">A. Al-Fouzan</name>
<name sortKey="Collins, M" sort="Collins, M" uniqKey="Collins M" first="M." last="Collins">M. Collins</name>
<name sortKey="Craig, O" sort="Craig, O" uniqKey="Craig O" first="O." last="Craig">O. Craig</name>
<name sortKey="Gough, T" sort="Gough, T" uniqKey="Gough T" first="T." last="Gough">T. Gough</name>
<name sortKey="Heron, C" sort="Heron, C" uniqKey="Heron C" first="C." last="Heron">C. Heron</name>
<name sortKey="Van Doorn, N" sort="Van Doorn, N" uniqKey="Van Doorn N" first="N." last="Van Doorn">N. Van Doorn</name>
</country>
<country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Drewello, R" sort="Drewello, R" uniqKey="Drewello R" first="R." last="Drewello">R. Drewello</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Bauer, W" sort="Bauer, W" uniqKey="Bauer W" first="W." last="Bauer">W. Bauer</name>
<name sortKey="Korn, L" sort="Korn, L" uniqKey="Korn L" first="L." last="Korn">L. Korn</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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CONSTRUCTION OF THE KHOJA ZAYNUDDIN MOSQUE: USE OF ANIMAL GLUE MODIFIED WITH URINE

CONSTRUCTION OF THE KHOJA ZAYNUDDIN MOSQUE: USE OF ANIMAL GLUE MODIFIED WITH URINE

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